Narration

Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was ruined.

Explanation: When the reporting verb is in the past (said) and the direct speech is in the present indefinite tense (simple present tense), then the indirect (reported) speech will change into the past indefinite tense.

Present indefinite tense > Past Indefinite tense.

And if the sentence is exclamatory, we use reporting verbs like exclaimed, admired, cried etc based on the sentence.

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Indirect Speech: She requested me to wait there till she returned.

Explanation: While reporting imperative sentences we use reporting verbs like ask, request, beg, order, advise, wish etc to match the mood of the sentence.

And when the reporting verb is in the past (said) and the direct speech is in the present indefinite tense (simple present tense), then the indirect (reported) speech will change into the past indefinite tense.

Present Indefinite Tense (return) > Past Indefinite Tense (returned).

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Indirect Speech: She asked the patient if he/she was feeling well.

Explanation: When the reporting verb is in the past (said) and the direct speech is in the present continuous tense, then the indirect (reported) speech will change into the past continuous tense.

Present Continuous Tense > Past Continuous Tense.

And if the sentence is interrogative, we use the reporting verbs – asked, enquired, etc.

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