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  1. According to the poem, the poetess Toru Dutt depicts that the tree has a creeper that climbs on it and in whose embraces bound no other tree could alive.

    According to the poem, the poetess Toru Dutt depicts that the tree has a creeper that climbs on it and in whose embraces bound no other tree could alive.

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  1. In the poem, Obituary, the poet seems to be disappointed by the death of his father. After living in USA and marrying a Syrian girl, his way of thinking changed drastically. For him, his father who is a Brahmin and is considered as divine, is just a normal human being who died of heart attack in theRead more

    In the poem, Obituary, the poet seems to be disappointed by the death of his father. After living in USA and marrying a Syrian girl, his way of thinking changed drastically. For him, his father who is a Brahmin and is considered as divine, is just a normal human being who died of heart attack in the market.

    After his death, the poet feels that the burden of whole family is on him as in Patriarchal society, women are not allowed to work. There is an old mother, an unmarried sister, a young child a lot of debt left by his father. Hence, the poet is very disappointed by his death.

    Read summary of this poem.

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  1. The morning scene at Puri is full of noises of crows (which are often considered a sign of death). There is a skull of a human in the so-called holy sand which depicts the hunger and poverty of India.  Many women who are wearing white clothes are waiting to enter the temple. White clothes show thatRead more

    The morning scene at Puri is full of noises of crows (which are often considered a sign of death). There is a skull of a human in the so-called holy sand which depicts the hunger and poverty of India.  Many women who are wearing white clothes are waiting to enter the temple. White clothes show that they all are widows who cannot marry now and are going to the temple for peace. But the poet appears to be critical of this culture where a woman has no life without her husband.

    There is darkness (hopelessness) in their eyes through their belief though the sun is shining. In other words, the promises of religious people seem to be futile as their life is useless without their husbands.

    There are hundreds of beggars around the temple who are nameless i.e. they have no value in society. In addition, there are also Dalits or low castes who are not allowed to enter the temple. The line shows the hollowness of religion and discrimination against a certain section. There are joyless dead bodies burning in fire. Poet’s mother desired to be cremated there

    So, the morning which is usually considered as a symbol of hope is full of despair and hopelessness. The poem is thus ironical in which the poet exposes the hollowness of belief and religious practices.

    Read summary of Dawn at Puri

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  1. In the first stanza of the poem Obituary, the poet, AK Ramanujan is talking about the problems which arose immediately after the death of his father. According to him, after his (father's) death, there was nothing left in the house except for dust on a table of papers. In addition, he was indebted tRead more

    In the first stanza of the poem Obituary, the poet, AK Ramanujan is talking about the problems which arose immediately after the death of his father. According to him, after his (father’s) death, there was nothing left in the house except for dust on a table of papers.

    In addition, he was indebted to a number of people and hence a lot of debt was left behind by him for the poet to pay. He also left his daughters (probably unmarried). Hence the responsibility of his sisters were on the poet.

    And finally the poet says that his father left a young child who is bedwetting i.e. so young that he urinates on the bed and who is given the surname of his grandfather. In the first stanza, we find the picture of a patriarchal society and its problems when the head i.e. male member dies. No one is earning for livelihood and all the responsibilities fall on the poet

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  1.      Ecology A. K RAMANUJAN In terms of colonialism the image of his mother symbolizes the poet’s love for his motherland and his native people. They are considered as colonized people. They sacrifice themselves for the sake of colonizers but despite colonizers are treating with them brutally. TheyRead more

         Ecology A. K RAMANUJAN

    In terms of colonialism the image of his mother symbolizes the poet’s love for his motherland and his native people. They are considered as colonized people. They sacrifice themselves for the sake of colonizers but despite colonizers are treating with them brutally. They harm them and treat them as inferior. They consider his native people and him as third world country, other and orients. Colonized people serve them in many ways in spite of it they behave with them cruelly to show their imperial impact over them.

    On the other hand the image of Red Champak tree shows the poet’s hatred towards colonizers. They came for the sake of prosperity, calmness and civilization but despite they are demolishing all these things from his country. Just like the fragrance of flowers is the cause of her mother headache in the same way the appearance of colonizers in his country is the clear description of destructive situation of his country.

    That’s why poet hates this tree in terms of colonizers and their imperial power over his native people. Moreover her mother stops him to cut off the tree that shows the cultural hegemony and cultural hybridity of his native people that now they have mixed race and they have stranded in cultural and identity crisis. The act of cut off the tree by poet shows that actually he wants to cut off the hypocritical and wicked nature of colonizers toward his native people. Actually he wants to cut off the imperial power that is working under the disguise of prosperity and civilization.

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  1. Lucifer
    Lucifer better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven

    The phrase "the house withdrew into silence" has been taken from the poem "My Grandmother's House" written by Kamala Das. In this poem, the poet is taking about the house of her grandmother which has been deserted after her (grandmother's) death. According to the poet, the house which once used to cRead more

    The phrase “the house withdrew into silence” has been taken from the poem “My Grandmother’s House” written by Kamala Das. In this poem, the poet is taking about the house of her grandmother which has been deserted after her (grandmother’s) death.

    According to the poet, the house which once used to cheer because of grandmother, is now deserted and hence silence is prevailing all over.

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  1. Lucifer
    Lucifer better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven

    The poet is taking about her attachment with grandmother's house since her childhood. Now that her grandmother is dead, there is nobody in the house and thus it is silent. In poetry, winter and cold are the symbols of doom, death and loneliness. Hence, in this poem, according to the poet, the houseRead more

    The poet is taking about her attachment with grandmother’s house since her childhood. Now that her grandmother is dead, there is nobody in the house and thus it is silent.

    In poetry, winter and cold are the symbols of doom, death and loneliness. Hence, in this poem, according to the poet, the house of her grandmother is deserted and what she is listening to, is just the sound of cold air that has no human warmth.

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