1. Metaphor: A figure of speech that compares two unrelated things, without using “like” or “as.” Example from the poem: “And dig deep trenches in thy beauty’s field.” 
2. Imagery: The use of vivid and descriptive language to create sensory impressions and evoke imagery in the reader’s mind. Example from the poem: “And see thy blood warm when thou feel’st it cold.” 
3. Personification: Giving human attributes or qualities to non-human objects or abstract concepts. Example from the poem: “Thy youth’s proud livery so gazed on now.” 
4. Repetition: The deliberate repetition of words or phrases for emphasis or to create a rhythmic effect. Example from the poem: The repetition of the word “old” in the lines “And make my old excuse” and “When thou art old” creates a sense of parallelism and reinforces the theme of aging.
5. Alliteration: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in close proximity. Example from the poem: “Where all the treasure of thy lusty days.” The repetition of the “t” sound in “treasure” and “lusty” creates an alliterative effect.

Sonnet 2 Summary