1. Symbolism: Symbolism is the use of symbols to represent deeper meanings, ideas, or concepts. For example, Crow, riding a pale horse, symbolizes change, adaptation, and the enduring spirit of Native American communities in the face of adversity.
2. Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two seemingly unrelated things to suggest a similarity. For example, “Crow rides a pale horse” is a metaphorical expression that associates Crow with change and uncertainty.
3. Imagery: Imagery is the use of vivid and descriptive language to create sensory experiences for the reader. For example, the imagery of Crow collecting empty beer bottles and returning them one by one creates a visual and tactile impression of the scene.
4. Alliteration: Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in close proximity. For example, “Crow collects” in the line “Crow collects empty beer bottles” uses alliteration to emphasize Crow’s action.
5. Irony: Irony is the use of words to convey a meaning that is opposite to their literal or expected meaning. For example, the line “Damn, says Crow, redemption is not easy” uses irony, as the difficulty of Crow’s task contrasts with the concept of redemption.
6. Personification: Personification attributes human characteristics to non-human entities or objects. For example, the crow’s ability to speak and express thoughts personifies the bird, making it a relatable and symbolic character.

Crow Testament Summary

1. Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech that involves comparing two, unlike things without using “like” or “as” . Example: “bequeath the heart, like a spare kidney”.
2. Symbolism: Symbolism involves using symbols or objects to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Example: “bequeath the heart”.
3. Imagery: Imagery refers to the use of descriptive language that appeals to the senses, creating a mental picture for the reader. Example: “like a spare kidney”.
4. Irony: Irony is a literary device where there is a contrast between expectation and reality. Example: “preferably to an enemy”.
5. Alliteration: Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in close proximity. Example: “bequeath the heart”.
6. Personification: Personification attributes human characteristics or qualities to non-human entities or objects. Example: “It’s time to perform an act of charity to myself” – The idea of time performing an act is personified, suggesting a sense of urgency or a turning point in the speaker’s life.

Bequest Summary