1. Antithesis– This poetic device pairs opposite or contrasting ideas adjacent to each other. In the first stanza, the poet uses antithesis when he tells us about the contrasting decisions that he took while dealing with his anger for his friend and his foe.
2. Alliteration- It is the occurrence of the same sound at the beginning of closely connected words. Example- “I told my wrath, my wrath did end”
3. Allusion– It is an indirect reference of a person, place, thing or idea of a historical, cultural, political or literary significance. Here, “garden” and “apple” are allusions to the Garden of Eden and the forbidden apple that Adam and Eve eat in the biblical origin story.
4. Metaphor- A metaphor directly refers to one thing by mentioning another. In this poem, “the tree” is a metaphor for the anger the poet is nursing, and the “apple” is the fruit of his grudge, or the violent action it finally leads to.
5. Symbolism– Symbolism is using symbols to signify ideas and qualities. Here, the “tree” symbolises the poet’s wrath, and the “apple” becomes a symbol for the dangers of that wrath.

A Poison Tree Stanza Wise Summary & Analysis in English class 10

William Blake begins this poem with two very similar incidents that have vastly different results. When he is angry with his friend, he tells him about it, which leads to the anger going away. But when he is angry with his enemy, he hides the anger. This leads to a cycle of negativity that causes the anger to grow like a tree, ultimately resulting in his enemy’s death.

Stanza 1

The poet says that he was angry with his friend. So, he told his friend about his anger, and his wrath did end. By expressing his anger to his friend, the poet solved the dispute between them and resolved the feelings of anger that he had felt. However, when the poet was angry with his enemy, he did not tell him. This caused his anger and resentment towards his enemy to grow. Suppressing anger leads to it becoming bigger.

Stanza 2

The poet watered the anger that he nursed for his enemy in fears, night and morning with his tears. He sunned it with smiles, and soft deceitful wiles (tricks). Therefore, the poet nurtured the anger inside him with negative emotions such as fear, and also with tears, fake smiles and cunning tricks. He metaphorically cultivated his anger as though it were a plant in a garden. Even the smiles and deceptions that he used to hide the anger only caused it to grow.

Stanza 3

His anger grew both day and night. Like a plant that is nurtured well, his anger continuously grew until it bore an apple bright. His enemy saw the shine of the apple and desired it because he knew it belonged to the poet. Here, the apple is an allusion to how repressed anger takes a life of its own that results in violence.

Stanza 4

The poet’s enemy sneaks into his garden in the dead of night. In the morning, the poet was glad to see his enemy lying dead, outstretch’d beneath the tree. The tree of the narrator’s hidden anger was poisonous, and so was the fruit that it bore. It ultimately led to the death of his enemy, and he was glad to see it. However, such a violent act is morally reprehensible. Thus, this illustrates the terrible consequences that the repression of strong emotions such as anger might cause. The eating of the poisonous apple stands for the kind of violent acts that anger, when not resolved properly, might lead to.

Conclusion

Blake warns us against the dangerous consequences of repressed anger. He shows us how anger is resolved by opening up about it. Suppressing it only results in more anger and violence. Therefore, the poet warns us about the danger of bottling up emotions and makes an argument for opening up to people about issues that might be bothering us.