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  1. This answer was edited.

    Acceptance is an emotional and touching story of a eunuch maid, Santhoshi written by Bhaswar Mukherjee. It is taken from the anthology of 21 real-life story collections named, “Something happened on the way to heaven" edited by Sudha Murthy. This story describes the marginalized condition of eunuchsRead more

    Acceptance is an emotional and touching story of a eunuch maid, Santhoshi written by Bhaswar Mukherjee. It is taken from the anthology of 21 real-life story collections named, “Something happened on the way to heaven” edited by Sudha Murthy. This story describes the marginalized condition of eunuchs in the contemporary, educated, and cultured society which is still clinging to the age-old stigmas against the LGBT community.

    It focuses on the struggle of a transgender to lead a normal life and also to have an identity like any other individual. Though the story begins in a disheartening manner with respect to the LGBT community, it definitely shows hope towards the end.

    The story begins with an introduction to the winter season in Chennai with the rising temperature which is entirely different from the rest of the country. The author states metaphorically that the temperature had also gone up in the house of MR. Asok Srinivasan whose mother was on a visit to his son’s family during the festive season. It was the time of Pongal, the harvest festival and the maid in the house had left the job giving a jolt to Rama, Asok’s wife. She was left with no one to take care of Vijay, their three-year-old son when she went to work.

    However, she decided that her mother-in-law. Savitri would not be disturbed by the task at hand as she was old. While at the same time it’s pertinent to mention that their relationship was not running smooth. The reason for Savitri’s dislike towards Rama was due to her modern upbringing.

    The old lady also resented the fact that her bond with the son was loosening after his marriage and the birth of his son. She didn’t enjoy as much acceptance from her son as she had when her husband was alive. The writer, Mukherjee compares the agitated Rama to a Jallikattu bull and Ashok to a matador who tries to tame the bull. He might have used the sport, Jallikattu in the narration to showcase the identity of the land, Tamilnadu.

    One’s existence becomes real only by acquiring identity. Identity crisis is what is prevalent in society today, creating more and more disenfranchised communities. The eunuch named Santhoshi comes to seek the maid’s job which fell vacant after the previous maid left as she was not given holidays. Santhoshi was of huge size around six feet with strong and muscular arms and was shabbily dressed.

    Contrary to the common mannerism shown by eunuchs such as clapping hands on the face, knocking on the car window, and asking for alms, Santoshi showed politeness and fineness in character. Perplexed by the look of the visitor Rama shut the door in fear. Later when she regained her composure she enquired about the whereabouts of the visitor. She said that she was born as a poor boy.

    After the death of her father, the boy was forcefully castrated by some miscreants and was changed to a girl who was sent to beg. She was staying in a slum and was working for the slum orphans. In fact, she wanted a steady income to support her cause.

    Rama became emotional and wanted to employ the eunuch saying that it was the responsibility of the educated class to bring the oppressed people into the mainstream society and empower them. But Ashok was blinded by the social stigma and superstition regarding the LGBT and called them creatures. During the discussion, they realized that Vijay was missing.

    They suspected the eunuch as the culprit. Whereas towards the end of the search for the kid they saw that Vijay was sitting cuddled up in the lap of Santoshi near the staircase. It was the repulsive, eunuch servant who had saved the child from falling from the lift and thus saved his life.

    The happiness of Vijay’s parents knew no bounds. They realized their mistake of considering a eunuch as non-human and happily agreed to keep her as a maid in the house. Thus Santhoshi, the eunuch gained a job and through that an identity for herself.

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  1. Q. Appropriateness of the title “Quality”. Ans- Gailsworthy’s short story, “Quality”, is an excellent story dealing with an universal conflict between artisans of finesse and automation. Gessler brothers dealt in shoes. They had a small shop for material purpose. They made and sold custom-made shoesRead more

    Q. Appropriateness of the title “Quality”.

    Ans- Gailsworthy’s short story, “Quality”, is an excellent story dealing with an universal conflict between artisans of finesse and automation.

    Gessler brothers dealt in shoes. They had a small shop for material purpose. They made and sold custom-made shoes, their shoes were durable, comfort and high-quality which never made any cracking sound under any pressure from any feet they didn’t believe in ornamentation or showing off their shoes but their shoes lasted long.

    even the narrator felt kind of frustrated with the longevity of the shoes and commented humourously, “Nemesis fell ! They lasted more terribly than ever”. There were no cracking or blisters and the customers like narrator were very much satisfied with Gesslers shoes. In fact they earned quite a name in the trade of London.

    The Gesslers were excellent show makers. They almost infuse a slice of their soul in the artistry of shoe making. Their capital was their customer satisfaction. They were very much honest and determined that they will never compromise with quality. Therefore They continued their trade with the old and slow process without compromising with the quality.

    As a result of industrial revolution in England, advert of automation and mass production was felt necessary by the captains of industry.

    Monstrous machines were installed for mass production. Goods were produced massively and with an unbelievable speed. A variety of designs were produced. Finished Products were advertised drawing the attention of the consumer. There was an extreme aggression in marketing and sales.

    The Gessler couldn’t foresee it. They remained engrossed in the artistry of shoemaking. They Where like the silkworm in the cocoons, when they woke to the reality, it was late. They didn’t knew That time cannot be imprisoned by anybody. Its omnipotent. It flows like a river. Their time was gone. They tried, however to fight and unequal combat against automation and mass production with his skills, artistry and craftsmanship. But they lacked business sense and acumen. They where traders of shoes but behaved like an artist. Their Production of shoes couldn’t match with the production of large industries in terms of variety, price, productivity and other means of production. The Big houses didn’t care for the quality as they thought they were not connoisseur of shoes, so they don’t need quality but they likeed the variety, low price and ready stock.

    Arnish Ali Khan

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  1. In the first stanza of the poem Obituary, the poet, AK Ramanujan is talking about the problems which arose immediately after the death of his father. According to him, after his (father's) death, there was nothing left in the house except for dust on a table of papers. In addition, he was indebted tRead more

    In the first stanza of the poem Obituary, the poet, AK Ramanujan is talking about the problems which arose immediately after the death of his father. According to him, after his (father’s) death, there was nothing left in the house except for dust on a table of papers.

    In addition, he was indebted to a number of people and hence a lot of debt was left behind by him for the poet to pay. He also left his daughters (probably unmarried). Hence the responsibility of his sisters were on the poet.

    And finally the poet says that his father left a young child who is bedwetting i.e. so young that he urinates on the bed and who is given the surname of his grandfather. In the first stanza, we find the picture of a patriarchal society and its problems when the head i.e. male member dies. No one is earning for livelihood and all the responsibilities fall on the poet

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  1. Mrs Mallard, the protagonist of Kate Chopin’s short story, “The Story of an Hour”, differs from Miss Meadows on a number of aspects. Unlike Miss Meadows’s effort and tension to finally fit in the society, Mrs Mallard doesn’t care as what the society thinks. Louise Mallard values her freedom and herRead more

    Mrs Mallard, the protagonist of Kate Chopin’s short story, “The Story of an Hour”, differs from Miss Meadows on a number of aspects. Unlike Miss Meadows’s effort and tension to finally fit in the society, Mrs Mallard doesn’t care as what the society thinks. Louise Mallard values her freedom and her independent will over marriage and society. Whereas Miss Meadows seems to be marrying Basil, perhaps not out of love, but to finally remove the tag of a spinster at an age of thirty-years. Miss Meadows undergoes an emotional turmoil when she reads that Basil wants to call off their marriage whereas Louise feels free and grateful just within an hour of receiving the news of her husband’s death. Louise looks forward to living life alone and for herself but over here, Miss Meadows looks ahead to finally stop living life all by herself.

    Read summary of The Singing Lesson

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  1. Following are the major themes in the short story Bholi Impact of Family The family of Bholi was not kind towards her because she hd scars on her face and also stammered badly. She was never given new things and also did not get parental love. This way, she lost courage to speak and hence always kepRead more

    Following are the major themes in the short story Bholi

    Impact of Family

    The family of Bholi was not kind towards her because she hd scars on her face and also stammered badly. She was never given new things and also did not get parental love. This way, she lost courage to speak and hence always kept quiet.

    When she was admitted to school, her teacher encouraged her to speak and also showed sympathy, love and compassion. This is why Bholi felt better at school and also got educated.

    Impact of Education

    The novel revolves around the theme of eduction. When Bishamber demands dowry, Bholi reacts boldly and refuses to marry. She gained this courage and confidence because of education. Without education she would have been a dumb girl and also had suffered for rest of her life because Bishamber was very greedy.

    1. Play quiz on Bholi
    2. Summary of Bholi

     

     

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  1. Lucifer
    Lucifer better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven
    This answer was edited.

    When Bholi went to school for the first time, she was timid and shy. She did not dare to speak anything thought the teacher tried to talk to her. However, due to friendly and loving nature of her teacher, Bholi felt good for the first time and tried to speak a little bit. The teacher paid special atRead more

    When Bholi went to school for the first time, she was timid and shy. She did not dare to speak anything thought the teacher tried to talk to her. However, due to friendly and loving nature of her teacher, Bholi felt good for the first time and tried to speak a little bit.

    The teacher paid special attention towards her and Bholi started learning. With time, she gained confidence and became bold. On the day of her marriage, she refused to marry Bishamber when the latter demanded dowry. Her confidence amazed everybody. Particularly her teacher felt proud of her.

    1. Play quiz on Bholi
    2. Summary of Bholi
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  1. On a snowy afternoon, Jo decided to go out and dig paths in the snow for Beth to walk in when the sun came out. The garden separates The Marches’ house which is an old and brown looking rather exposed and damaged that has lost its summer charm from Mr. Laurance’s luxurious mansion that yet seemed aRead more

    On a snowy afternoon, Jo decided to go out and dig paths in the snow for Beth to walk in when the sun came out. The garden separates The Marches’ house which is an old and brown looking rather exposed and damaged that has lost its summer charm from Mr. Laurance’s luxurious mansion that yet seemed a lonely, lifeless sort of house with an old gentleman, his grandson and lots of servants as no children would be seen playing in their lawn nor any glimpse of warm smiling faces.

    Jo had long wanted to be friends with the Laurance boy only if she knew how to. For a long time, Jo had not seen Laurie and thought he must have gone away, when one day she spotted a brown face at an upper window, looking down into their garden, where Beth and Amy were snow-balling one another.

     Jo felt pity for the young boy and decides to throw a snowball on his window to grab his attention. Laurie admitted that he’s been sick with a cold, and he invited Jo to come over. While Jo went back to her house to inform her mother, Laurie on the other hand was super excited to have company for the first time and rushed to get ready and make his place tidy as Jo called him “a little gentleman “even when the place was spotless already.

     Jo arrives with an armful of offerings for Laurie that is love from her mother, blanc-mange (a type of custard) from Meg and Beth’s kittens as she thought they would be comforting. The kittens were just what he was missing which made him forget his shyness and became friends at once.

    Jo uncovered Meg’s blanc-mange which was surrounded by green leaves and scarlet flowers from Amy’s pet geranium for Laurie to have while having tea which would help him recover his sore throat. Laurie liked Jo’s company and wanted to talk to her more about her sisters which amusingly he already knew their names as he would often peep through their window to see them enjoy with each other as he did not have a mother or siblings. 

    Jo saw the loneliness and hunger for love and happiness in his eyes, she knew how rich she was in that matter and gladly shared it with Laurie and assured him that they would never draw the curtains and offered him to come over instead of peeping through his window as they will all make sure to keep him entertained with their company.

    Laurie’s Grandpa would allow him to go over to their place only if Jo’s mother asked him to, he is a kind old man who lives among his books, remains unbothered by the outside world, and lets Laurie do pretty much everything he wants to but is scared to let Laurie be bothered by strangers. Mrs. Brooke who is Laurie’s tutor doesn’t stay at his house which leaves him with no option but to spend time by himself.

    Jo feels bad for Laurie which makes him turn red but he is not offended by being accused of being shy as Jo had so much goodwill in her that he couldn’t get angry at her. Laurie changes the subject by asking if she liked her school and wanted to ask another but stopped as it wasn’t good manners to ask too many questions about people’s business.

    Seeing Laurie’s decency, she didn’t mind laughing about her Aunt March so she gave him a lively description of the fussy old lady, her fat dog, the parrot that talked Spanish, and the library where she enjoyed. Laurie loved the conversation and laughed so hard that even the servants peeped to see what the matter was. 

    Jo found that the love for books is one common interest that they both have and Laurie has read even more than her. He took her to his grandpa’s library which she admired and gave her a tour of the house. Jo pretended that she was not afraid of anything but deep down Laurie’s grandpa can be an exception as when he arrived, she admitted that she might be “a little bit afraid of him”. 

    Laurie went away when Jo diverted herself in her way and when the door opened which she didn’t notice, without turning said decidedly “I’m sure now that I shouldn’t be afraid of him, for he’s got kind eyes, though his mouth is grim, and he looks as if he had a tremendous will of his own. He isn’t as handsome as my grandfather, but I like him.” Turns out that it was Laurie’s grandpa standing behind her. Jo’s heart began to beat uncomfortably fast yet she managed to please the old gentleman with her conversation.

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  1. Lucifer
    Lucifer better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven
    This answer was edited.

    Following figures of speech have been used in the poem "On His Blindness" by John Milton. Pun: Pun is a literary device which depicts two or more meanings of a single word or phrase. In the poem, there is a play on the word Light. Light here refers to his eyesight as well as his life before gettingRead more

    Following figures of speech have been used in the poem “On His Blindness” by John Milton.

    1. Pun: Pun is a literary device which depicts two or more meanings of a single word or phrase. In the poem, there is a play on the word Light. Light here refers to his eyesight as well as his life before getting blind.
    2. PersonificationPatience is here personified as having human characteristics.
    3. Alliteration: A number of times alliteration is used in the poem. e.g.days in this darkWorld and Widethat one talentmy soul moremMakerlabor, lightpatience to preventbest bearserve who only stand.
    4. Hyperbole: It is an exaggerated statement. e.g. thousands at his bidding speed.

    Read detailed summary of this poem.

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  1. The story highlights the virtues of hard work, honesty, resolution, compassion, humility and commitment. The theme of loss and death is also woven into the story with both Mr Gessler and his brother died in the story. However, the idea of honest work’s pay and dedication to quality work is celebrateRead more

    The story highlights the virtues of hard work, honesty, resolution, compassion, humility and commitment. The theme of loss and death is also woven into the story with both Mr Gessler and his brother died in the story. However, the idea of honest work’s pay and dedication to quality work is celebrated, both in times of scarcity and plenty.

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